Cost Accounting Terminologies, Purpose of Cost...

Part 1- Conceptual Framework Cost Accounting Cost accounting, as a tool of management, provides management with detailed records of the costs relating to products, operations or functions. Cost accounting refers to the process of determining and accumulating the cost of some particular product or activity. It also covers classification, analysis and interpretation of costs. The cost so determined and accumulated may be the estimated future costs for planning purposes, or actual (historical) costs for evaluating performance. The Institute of Cost and Management Accountant (ICMA), London, defined cost accounting as â€Å"the process of accounting for cost from the point at which expenditure incurred or committed to the establishment of its†¦show more content†¦a) Performance measurement: This measurement can be done by comparing current costs with those who were expected - or standard costs budgeted cost - to the degree of knowing which of them have been controlled. Deviations of expected with the current - variances - can be identified, evaluated and discussed by managers. b) Cost of goods and services: In manufacturing companies, the costs of goods must be measured to determine the cost of items transferred from work in process inventory to finished products. To meet the demands for information, a cost system should measure all the costs of manufacturing process and allocate a portion of those costs to each unit of output. The cost to obtain, maintain and manage the manufacturing plant or building should be added to the cost of material and productive work that requires each unit. The first are called indirect costs and the two last are called direct costs. c) Profit analysis. Information in costs is essential to analyze the profits obtained from a product or product line. The information on the cost of a product enables managers to assess the contribution margin - the difference betweenShow MoreRelatedAn Interface Between Financial Accounting and Cost Management Accounting and Some Concepts of Strategic Cost Management1946 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction: The basic objective of accounting is to provide information that is useful in making business and economic decisions. What makes accounting information useful for decision-making? The answer is however the accounting information confirms to the qualities that should be possessed by the financial and cost Managerial reporting. In view and addition to this, the importance of strategic cost management and costing techniques like Activity based costing should not be underestimated. ThisRead MoreFinal Exam Study Guide5820 Words   |  24 PagesAccounting 211 Study Guide for Final Exam Chapters 7 – 12 Chapter 7: 1. 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Australian Wine Industry Report Free Essays

————————————————- ————————————————- Global and International Business Contexts Australian Wine Industry Report Word court: 2690 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapters 1. Introduction 1. 1 Company background and brand concept 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Australian Wine Industry Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2 Importance of Diversity and cultural different between European Australia 1. 3 Develop a model and factors of buying behavior between European Australia 2. Porter’s National Diamond model 2. 1 Factor Conditions 2. Home Demand Conditions 2. 3 Related and Supporting Industries 2. 4 Firm Strategy, Structure, and Rivalry 3. Strategic evaluation between European Australia 3. 1. Measurable 3. 2. Accessible 3. 3. Substantial 3. 4. Actionable 4. SWOT analysis between European Australia 4. 1. Product packaging 4. 2. Price level 4. 3. Place (distribution) 4. 4. Communication 4. 5. Opportunities and threats 4. 6 Economic conditions 4. 7 Political condition 4. 8 Socio-cultural conditions. 4. 9 Summary of survey Findings . Conclusion and financial recommendation 6. Reference 1. Introduction: After the discussion that related to managing globalization, diversity, globalization for business studies, the following can be the consolidation of my view that could be addressed. Globalizat ion presents the free flow of technology and human resources across the world and national boundaries and spends of information technology, media as well as changing the world economic, training practices, competitive business environment. An increasing newcomers to the Australia workforce, globalization makes national culture strategic more complete, and need to be managed that came from populations that have been under-served in the past because of racial, ethnic, gender, or cultural differences. Social trends in Australia indicate that today’s minority groups demand respect and equal treatment in mainstream institutions. I have indicated that business in the world organization, which can adjust their business strategies in our company for the changing demographic trend in Australia, should be successful firms in the future with increasing globalization. When firms in the world are seeking for the adjustable capability, as well as great globalization practice and training practice skills of HRM, they may look for the concept –managing diversity, culture, globalization, investment skills which is brought by Kandola and Fullerton (1998). In practicing managing diversity, spending aspects of HRM organizations strategic and investment are not using the traditional ones anymore. They should be cooperating with others such as sex, balancing of the global trends in human resource management, challenges arising from globalization, human resources management practice in the 21st century, to create organizational more effectiveness in wine industrialized. In our organization, it must manage and train this increasingly diverse workforce. HRM includes organization behavior activities are successful across cultures will depend on the manager’s abilities to understand the value on practice human resource management such as motivation, job satisfaction, the important of work. It also depends on working effectively with other people. They also learn by understanding and appreciating differences in values in different national borders. Individuals and globalization tend to develop cross-cultural communication skills and stronger leadership abilities in diverse situations. Thus, it is also promoted to achieve the organization goals. In general, l agree with Kandola (1995) summarize that similar demographic changes in Australia. Globalization requires attention to more than conducting business across national borders but also entails expending competition for almost every type of organization presenting management with the diverse cultural settings (Edwards, 2006) The change is related to the workforce such as sex, ethnic minorities, and age thinking global, decentralization, planned, differentiation, change, delegation, competition. Therefore, demographic and globalization trends have created to expand the labor power and increased international of markets. He points out that, all around the world‘s organizations will have to deal with managing diversity globalization not just in their countries. America’s workforce has highly concern over how cooperation can best manage their human resources such as motivation, training in increasing diversity environment. Therefore, this paper is direct toward what is the different between equal opportunities and managing Diversity, what is globalization’s consequence for industries, HRM in international’s values and organization behavior. Besides, it reflects that how it can link to change between European and australia. This paper not only direct toward how an organization can expand its international business opportunity and globalization, but also get the analysis how an company create new environment to richer solute their problem which with the advent of globalization between European and Australia. 1. 1 Company background and brand concept Chateau Lafite, On 8 August 1868, which was under public sale as part of the Ignace-Joseph Vanlerberghe succession Chateau Lafite Rothschild for the preceding period. Just 3 months after the purchase, Baron James passed away, and Lafite became the joint property of his three sons: Alphonse, Gustave and Edmond. The estate then included 74 hectares of vineyards Nowadays, the company believes that Australia is the important market target and wants to expend their market share. 1. 2 Importance of Diversity and cultural different between European and Australia While Chateau Lafite adds diversity and facing cultural different in their market when it want to expand to Australia, they will found the skills and potential of their products and employees. Managing diversity and cultural different is said to contribute to organizational success (Gardenswartz Rowe, 1998). It is also contended that it enables the best talent to be retained clients (Ross Schneider, 1992) and enables more creativity to giving our fresh clients (McNerney, 1994). In addition it is suggested that a managing diversity and cultural different approach ensures business survival through resilience and flexibility (Gardenswartz Rowe, 1998), reducing costs and increasing profit (Kandola, 1995) and improving customer service and sales to fresh clients (Kandola, 1995). Some benefits models that are associated with a managing diversity and different cultural approach, such as increased morale of our customers, having a competitive edge are difficult to prove (Kandola Fullerton, 1994). Moreover, the emphasis placed on the role of line managers, and the practicability of such responsibility has been questioned (McDougall, 1998). In addition, the potential disparity between espoused organizational rhetoric on managing diversity and different cultural and the reality of organizational practices in key marketing segmentations areas (McKay Maxwell, 1998) has been highlighted. Anderson and Metcalf (2003) examined ‘the evidence and analyzed a range of academic studies on the business benefits of diversity and different cultural and their conclusions indicate that narrow studies on the business benefits definition, organizational goal and operational contexts make it difficult to draw reliable conclusion from these studies’. The point to the complexity of the evidence of business enefits, contending that there are many types of diversity- social category: age, race, and gender, and argue that more satisfaction products are needed to identify causal links between the management of diversity and the outcomes for the profit of the Chateau Lafite. The external business environment is changing and organizations need to maximize the contribution of market target clients of Chateau Lafite in the product lines to retain competitive advantage. Customer focus In general, customer focus is about age-neutral polices at Aberdeen City Council, it encouraged a pplication from all age groups, dive positive feeling to customers. Chateau Lafite extend the customers base because it provided employment opportunities for more that 100 disabled people for training and improving store access. Business process improvements It is business process improvements. Chateau Lafite changed their approach to retain old clients, they can produce flexible product such as party box, they can have support clients awareness and increased development product-lines opportunity, resulting in an increase in the over 40s who choose to remain. Innovation and learning It is innovation and learning. It is innovation and learning. BP implemented a Mutual Mentoring Programme which paired senior executive with junior executives who are different to them. Murray(2004) explained: the pairings are designed to foster understanding between people of different gender and backgrounds so, she goes on to state that BP reports that ‘it has proved motivating for both junior and senior staff but the sharing is improved communications and decision asking. ’ Those give the many difficulties develop of business case for diversity, it could be the clanked scorecard framework may be the way to move the debate forward. 1. Develop a model and factors of buying behavior between European and Australia One form of factors is the division between market and business marketing. Chateau Lafite can be grouped in many ways based on geographic factors which are countries, regions, cities; Behavioral factors which are purchase occasions, benefits market share. Chateau Lafite using Market segmentation may therefore be defined as the process of dividing of a market into distinct and increasingly homogeneous subgroups of customers in the several zones, where any subgroup can be selected as a target market to be met with a distinct marketing mix. Chateau Lafite can use Market segmentation based on the recognition that every market has potential buyers in china with different needs and different buying behavior. It may be grouped into segment and a different marketing approach will be taken by an organization for each market segment In business market, no one will satisfy all customers of theirs want and needs and taste. Each segment of the market offers a somewhat different opportunity. So, the marketers is need to attend to the needs of different clients of different market segment is in a better position to spot and compare the marketing opportunities. Chateau Lafite‘s market consists of widely different groups of consumers, but each group consists of people or organizations with common needs. 2. Segmentation buyer The total cost has several ways to segment a market. Firm Chateau Lafite has to think different segmentation variables, alone or combine. The major segment ways are geographic the locations, demographic, psychographic, and behavioral variables. Firstly, the locations geographic segmentation means that the market was divided into different geographical units for example, nations, states, cities, neighborhood, and regions. Chateau Lafite may make decision to operate in one or more geographical areas. They also need to operate in all areas and pay attention to culture, needs, wants, demands of the different geographical. In world region, Chateau Lafite has always made excellent winemaking and savoir-vivre an integral part of their legacy. Several generations of exceptional individuals have, over the centuries, worked toward a high principle: discovering soils with strong potential, and then producing the finest product possible. Secondly, psychographic segmentation which divides buyers into different based, such as social class, lifestyle, or personality characteristics. Marketer need to often segment their markets by customer lifestyles. Secondly, psychographic segmentation which divides buyers into different based, such as social class, lifestyle, or personality characteristics. Marketer need to often segment their markets by customer lifestyles. Social class. Company analysis of customers into socio-economic grouping. These grouping appear to provide reliable indicators of different consumer attitudes and needs for wide range of production. Life styles. Differences in personality, activities, interest, and opinions may be condensed. Company will be dividing the lifestyle dimensions into four parts. Lifestyle dimensions activitiesinterestopinionsdemographics workfamilythemselvesage entertainmentrecreationeconomicFamily size Social eventscommunitybusinessoccupation Personality, this includes the usage rate of the product by the buyers, whether purchase the service will be on impulse, customer loyalty, the sensitivity of the consumer to marketing mix factors, price, quality, sales promotion. Skin Food always has much promotion on showroom. Chateau Lafite’s innovative value-added services and marketing strategies have become the favorites of the young and young at heart. Besides, behavioral segmentation meant that it divides buyers into group based on their knowledge, attitudes, uses, or responses. This includes the usage rate of the product by the buyers, whether purchase the service will be on impulse, customer loyalty, the sensitivity of the consumer to marketing mix factors, price, quality, sales promotion. Occasion. Customers can be group when they want to purchased the product, they can get the product near themselves. So, Chateau Lafite’s firm needs to have regular occasion. Benefit. Benefit segmentation need to find the major benefits people look for in the product class, those people look for each benefit, and the major brand that deliver each benefit. So, Chateau Lafite’s product is selling the economic price fee of the makeup. Their product has good quality. In good service after the buyer buy it. They have personal customer service department. Is the customer has problems, there is a website and have customer service to help the consumers. Loyalty. A market also cab be segment by consumer’s loyalty. By studying loyal buyer, we need to know the buyer‘s interest, needs, behavior. So, Chateau Lafite’s product promotes the size are light-weight and to help to attract tourists Advertising strategy for Chateau Lafite Advertising and direct marketing are the two elements of a firm’s promotional mix with which consumers are most familiar. Advertising consists of messages paid for by an identified sponsor and transmitted through a mass-communication medium such as television, radio, or newspapers. Direct marketing is defined by the Direct Marketing Association as distributing promotional materials directly to a consumer or business recipient for the purpose of generating (1) a response in the form of an order, (2) a request for further information, or (3) a visit to a store or other place of business for purchase of a specific product or service. All forms of advertising and direct marketing have three objectives: to create product awareness, to create and maintain the image of a product, and to stimulate consumer demand. Advertising and direct marketing are also the promotional approaches that best reach mass audiences quickly at a relatively low per-person cost. But, to be effective, your messages must be persuasive, stand out from the competition’s, and motivate your target audience—a lofty goal considering that the average china resident is exposed to roughly 250 ads every day. Sales promotion for Chateau Lafite It includes a wide range of events and activities designed to stimulate immediate interest in and encourage the purchase of your product or service, is the fourth element of the promotional mix. The impact of sales promotion activities is often short term; thus, sales promotions are not as effective as advertising or personal selling in building long-term brand preference. Sales promotion consists of two basic categories: consumer promotion and trade promotion. We will use trade promotion Public relation strategy for Chateau Lafite Public relations encompasses all the non-sales communications that businesses have with their many stakeholders—communities, investors, industry analysts, government agencies and officials, and the news media. Chateau Lafite rely on public relations to build a favorable corporate image and foster positive relations with these groups. Two standard public relations tools are the news release and the news conference. A news release is a short memo sent to the media covering topics that are of potential news interest; a video news release is a brief video clip sent to television stations. Companies use news releases to get favorable news coverage about themselves and their products. When a business has significant news to announce, it will often arrange a news conference. Both tools are used when the company’s news is of widespread interest, when products need to be demonstrated, or when company officials want to be available to answer questions from the media. Personal selling strategy for Chateau Lafite Personal selling is the interpersonal aspect of the promotional mix. It involves person-to-person presentation—face-to-face, by phone, or by interactive media such as Web TV’s video conferencing or customized websites—for the purpose of making sales and building customer relationships. Many salespeople follow a carefully planned seven-step process from start to finish: 1. Prospecting. Finding and qualifying potential buyers of the product or service. 2. Preparing. Considering various options for approaching the prospect and preparing for the sales call. 3. Approaching. Contacting the prospect, getting his or her attention, and building interest in the product or service. 4. Presenting. Communicating a message that persuades a prospect to buy. 5. Handling objections. Countering the buyer’s objections to purchasing a product or service with convincing claims. . Closing. Asking the prospect to buy the product. 7. Following up. Checking customer satisfaction following the sale and building goodwill. All the DBR teams: Humbleness in learning: it takes time to make the soil excellent. Fine wines are the fruit of years of toil High quality standards: the meticulous respect of quality by using best practices, and the constant desire to improve these practices. Direc t marketing strategy for Chateau Lafite The most popular direct marketing vehicles are direct mail, targeted e-mail, telemarketing, and the Internet. †¢Direct mail. This form of direct marketing includes catalogs, brochures, videotapes, disks, and other promotional materials delivered through the china Postal Service and private carriers. †¢Target e-mail. Increasingly, companies are sending e-mails to highly targeted lists of prospects. This technique works much the same way as offline direct marketing campaigns. †¢Telemarketing. Telemarketing is a low-cost way to efficiently reach many people. But because it can be intrusive, several states have enacted legislation to restrict telemarketing activities. 2. Porter’s National Diamond model 2. 1 Factor Conditions These factors can be grouped into labor power, cost of labor, commitment, qualification level, knowledge resources, capital resources, and infrastructure. They also include factors like quality of research on universities, deregulation of labor markets, or liquidity of national stock markets. These national factors often provide main advantages, which are subsequently built upon. Each country has its own particular set of factor conditions; hence, in European will develop those industries for which the particular set of factor conditions is optimal. Porter points out that these factors are not necessarily nature-made or inherited. They may develop and change. Political initiatives, technological progress or socio-cultural changes, for instance, Technology replacement, technology change rapidly in recent years, Chateau Lafite must need to be constantly in touch with latest technology to help them provide best service possible. New challenge, European company can enter into market by cooperate with licensed company. Recently, it had developed a new brand, it is an important threat created in the market. 2. 2 Home Demand Conditions The factors are the state of home demand for products and services produced in European. Home demand conditions influence the shaping of particular factor conditions. They have impact on the pace and direction of innovation and product development. According to Porter, home demand is determined by three major characteristics: their mixture (the mix of customers needs and wants), their scope and growth rate, and the mechanisms that transmit domestic preferences to foreign markets. Porter states that a European can achieve national advantages in an industry or market segment, if home demand provides clearer and earlier signals of demand trends to domestic suppliers than to foreign competitors. Foreign customer, the amount of business visitor and tourist are continues increase in European. They need service to take local or international call, if they use service for each contract, it is too expensive. Therefore, Chateau Lafite can provide them a local service package. 2. 3 Related and Supporting Industries These factors competitive is supplying industries and supporting industries. One internationally successful industry may lead to advantages in other related or supporting industries. Competitive supplying industries will reinforce innovation and internationalization in industries at later stages in the value system. Service, Chateau Lafite identify customers introduction flexible service plan and various service to meet customers’ needs Customers also can create their own wine. A typical example is the shoe and leather industry in Italy. Italy is not only successful with shoes and leather, but with related products and services such as leather working machinery, design, etc. 2. 4 Firm Strategy, Structure, and Rivalry The conditions in European that determine how Chateau Lafite are established, are organized and are managed, and that determine the characteristics of domestic competition Here, cultural aspects play an important role. In different nations, factors like management structures, working morale, or interactions between companies are shaped differently. This will provide advantages and disadvantages for particular industries. Chateau Lafite ‘strategy, the marketing strategy restrict to expand customer group above 35 year old, because it will create duplicate target under group, because Chateau Lafite has another brand focus on marketing segment above 33 years regarding business person. Undifferentiated service, Chateau Lafite provide service similar to other competitors in the market in Australia. Therefore, it is difficult to attract more customers change their service. It fails to delivery addition value and satisfaction to the customers. 3. Strategic evaluation between European Australia Although it is true that marketing effectiveness is a vital component of organizational Chateau Lafite effectiveness, it is not easy to measure, especially as marketing assets are hard to measure and value and accountants are suspicious of them. There are various ways to segment of this total, but not all segmentation has great effective. There are five approaches to quantifying marketing effectiveness and its impact on corporate performance. . 1 Measurable It is based on the size, purchasing power, and profiles of the segments. Those can be measured. Many segmentation variables are very difficult to measure. In demographics segmentation, the size variable, Chateau Lafite firm always force on the 1st September at l’Evangile, 5th at Duhart, 8th at Lafite, sweet whites from the 17th a nd after a superb month of September, harvesting ended on 1st October. The 2003 harvest will go down in history! The wines from this atypical vintage stand out with their richness, depth and smoothness with very rounded tannins. So this segmentation can helpful to know the great purchasing power here. In behavior segmentation, also show that student have the great purchasing power. 3. 2 Accessible Market segments can be effectively reached and served. In the segmentation find that, women who have children users are tourists and local people. Therefore, the firm will plan more showrooms in the four areas. The market segments can be effectively reached and served. The turn of the century went over smoothly, given the fine vintages that are currently aging in DBR cellars. Among them, 1990, 1995, 1996, and 2000 and some of the others will mature into renowned vintages In the segmentation find that heavy users of the attractive are younger, student, business women/ men. Therefore, the firm will plan more student promotion, customer’s service, and e-mail on the phone to clients for new products, seeing the artiste to using their product. 3. 3 Substantial Market segments are big or profit enough to serve. A segment should be big or profit enough to serve. A segment should be the largest homogenous group worth pursuing with a marketing program. It would not pay, for the product functions can see the other people, especially the women travel to the other places. 3. 4 Actionable Effective program can be designed for attracting and serving the segment. For example, Chateau Lafite makes use of the effective program can be designed for attracting and serving the segment. For example, Chateau Lafite can make use of artiste at china to attract younger users and business women to use The firm also makes many plan. So this can attract the segment as DBR (Lafite) has decided to develop a quality vineyard in China with the CITIC group. Out of the many regions visited, the peninsula of Penglai, province of Shandong, proved to be the most promising area for producing a great wine, in terms of its climatic and geological conditions. This region also possesses an ancient tradition in viticulture. The top quality soils enable planting of just over 25 hectares of vines on the slopes 4. 4P and SWOT analysis between European Australia 4P stands for promotion, place (distribution), product packaging, price. 4P and others environment analysis is a management tool which you can use in a wide variety of situations. 4. 1 Promotion We need to consider the success or failure of advertising campaigns. Is the organization using advertising to good effect? Did the product have successfully communicated to the potential customers? At market share and market size, is the organization in a strong or weak position? Has the company achieved a superior customer service? Product, we need to consider the sales by market, area, product group. Profit margin and overall profit contribution, are profits for each product good or bad? Does the company place sufficient emphasis on the quality of its work, both in terns of the goods it sells progress? At age and future life of product, did the company have a good balance between old and new product, and rising, mature? Raw material, we need to consider is there a single supplier or can supplies be obtained from numerous sources? No major new product has been derived from Chateau Lafite for two years. It will become too dependent on acquisition additions to product range. There is also little control over R budget. There are can not be low productivity on all lines at one plant. There are new development firm could threaten ability to compete. 4. 2 Price We need to consider the short-term and long term funds or cash flow. Is the organization in a strong or weak position for future cash flow? Does the company have returns on investment? Rapid changes have occurred in economic. We are living in the place china where continuous have increasing price change. Such as, the human genetic code has been cracked. Company also can sell the high price product. 4. 3Place (Distribution) We need to consider the service standards, what are delivery lead times, and how do they compare? We need to consider are research and development relevant to future marketing plan? Are the costs of research and development spending too much? How good for this research and development? In European, at 2008, there are the economic inflation. The economic environment will affect the general business cycle. Interest rate, inflation, changes in the income and stock market. Many things if they all decline, this will also affect the business cycle. When customers’ income fall, they will postpone purchasing anything that isn’t a necessity. At company, when the economic downturn in one place, our manager try to think many ways to attract more customers to buy things. It may be good service, good service for after buying the product. It also is to turn the price down. We will buy little from the store. 4. 4Communication (business management) Organization structure, is the properly suited to the organization’s needs? Are the communication links adequate? This is the values, customers, trend, taste preferences. Many managers must adapt their practices to changing expectations of the society in which they operate. As societal values, customers, and taste change, managers also must change. Such as, workers began seek more balance in their lives, organization have had to adjust by offering family leave policies, more flexible work hours. In each trend, it may have a potential constraint to managers’ decision and action. 4. 5Opportunities and threats An external environment is required to identify profit-making opportunities which can be exploited by the company’s strengths and also to anticipate environmental threats against which the company must project itself. For opportunities it is necessary to decide such as what opportunities exist in the business environment? What is their inherent profit-making potential? Is it given the internal strengths or weaknesses of the organization? Is it capable of exploiting the worthwhile opportunities? The opportunity may involve product development, market development, market penetration. Opportunities and threats may relate to SWOT items. At Economic, nowadays, general investment level, well market behavior for product, total high customer demands, so, there are many ways to have get profit. We need to consider more international level, world production, the volume of international trade, demand, recessions, import control, exchange rate. . 6Economic conditions Inflation part, in European, at 2008, there are the economic inflation. The economic environment will affect the general business cycle. Interest rate, inflation, changes in the income and stock market. Many things if they all decline, this will also affect the business cycle. When customers’ income fall, they will postpone purchasing anything that isn’t a necessity. At company, when the economic downturn, our manager will try to think many ways to attract more customers to buy things. It may be good service, good service for after buying the product. It also is to turn the price down. We will buy little from the book store and piano company. 4. 7Political condition many local governments will affect what organizations can and cannot do. Some federal legislation has affect implications. Such as, American’s company designed to make job more accessible to people with disabilities. Firm spend a great deal of time and money to meet government regulations. However, the effect of these regulations is not just money. Legislation may also affect a company prospects. We need to consider the ban on certain product. At Company, we also affect by the regulation of the government. For example, the contract, MPF. This also is affect by the regulation. We need to give 5% to each of staff to have MPF. 4. 8 Sociocultural conditions. This is the values, customers, trend, taste preferences. Many managers must adapt their practices to changing expectations of the society in which they operate. As societal values, customers, and taste change, managers also must change. Such as, workers began seek more balance in their lives, organization have had to adjust by offering family leave policies, more flexible work hours. In each trend, it may have a potential constraint to managers’ decision and action. 4. 9 summary of finding This paper studies on the findings the meant of diversity and adds to the managing diversity in to debate to provide the information of adding managing diversity on an organization’s benefits. This paper analysis indicates that in theory, managing diversity represents a positive progression of equality, in practice; globalization’s is consequence for industries, HRM in international’s values and organization behavior. Besides, it reflects that how it can link to change between European and Australia. This paper not only direct toward how an organization can expand its international business opportunity and globalization, but also get the analysis how an company create new environment to richer solute their problem which with the advent of globalization between European and Australia. 5. Conclusion and financial recommendation Based on the findings of this study, the researcher concludes the following: The respondents who took part in this study are already mature in age, responsible and reliable. They are also aware of what’s happening in the Chateau Lafite particularly to the strategies management (4 P and Porter’s National Diamond model) for their personnel and are deeply concerned about the improvement motivation and international marketing improvements practices. Majority of the respondents believes that although compensation technique has something to do in their motivation it is still very important to consider the â€Å"nature of work† variable. Most of the respondents accepted the fact that the levels of their performance in the job are highly related to compensation. This shows that respondents knew the importance of proper compensation to the progress of their organisation. For them long-term return should be the first thing to consider instead of short-term compensation. With respect to the overall perception of the respondents regarding job satisfaction and motivation impact on job performance, most of them responded agree. These results verified that sales professionals are working not only for sustenance but also for the general welfare of the company. The study revealed that their positive perception on business management conforms to their job satisfaction. . Reference: Book: Taylor, S 2005, People resourcing, Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, 3rd edn, Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development Golembiewski, R T 1995, Managing diversity in organizations, University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa. Harvey, Carol P 1995, Understanding diversity: readings, cases, and exercises, HarperCollins College Publishers, New York. Hu bbard, Edward E 2004, the diversity scorecard: evaluating the impact of diversity on organizational performance, Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Burlington, MA. Ian B, Len H Tim C 2004, Human resource management: a contemporary approach, 4th edn, Financial Times Prentice Hall, Harlow. Armstrong, M. (2003) A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice. Personnel Management. Abrashoff, M. (2001) ‘Retention through redemption’, Harvard Business Review, 79(2),PP. 136-141. Calmorin, L P. M. Calmorin. (1995) ‘Methods of Research and Thesis Writing’, (Manila: Rex Bookstore), 1st ed. pp. 46. Creswell, J. W. (1994) Research design. Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage. Easterby-Smith, M. (2002), Thorpe, R. and Lowe, A. Management Research: An Introduction, 2nd Ed. London: Sage. Fields, D 2002, Taking the Measure of Work, SAGE Fields, Dail L. (2002) Taking the measure of work: a guide to validated scales for organizational research and diagnosis. Thousand Oaks, Calif. : Sage. Guilford, J. P. B. Fruchter. (1973) Fundamental Statistics in Psychology and Education. 5th Edition. New York: Mc Graw-Hill. Hackman, J. R. , Oldham, G. R. (1974) ‘The Job Diagnostic Survey: An instrument for the diagnosis of jobs and the evaluation of job redesign projects’. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 4, pp. 148-162. Hackman, J. R. Lawler, E. E. (1971) ‘Employee reactions to job characteristics. Journal of Applied Psychology’, 55(3), pp. 259-286. Herzberg, F. (1976) The managerial choice. Homewood. IL: Dow Jones-Irwin. Herzberg, F. , Mausner, B. , Synderman, B. (1959) The motivation of work in organizations: Behavior structure and processes. New York, NY: Business Publicatio ns. Herzberg, F. , Mausner B. , Synderman B. 1959 The Motivation to Work. New York: Wiley. HR Focus (2004), ‘How to get ‘buy-in’ from the newest generation of employees’, HR Focus, Vol. 81 No. 11, pp. 5 Huang, J. (2004), ‘The science of good and evil’, The Humanist, Vol. 4 No. 6, pp. 38 International Labour Office 1995, Final Report, International Labour Organization. Johns, G. , Saks, A. (2005) Organizational Behavior, 6th ed. , Pearson, Toronto Locke, E, A (1976) The nature and causes of job satisfaction In M. D. Dnnette (ED). Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology pp. 92-117 Chicago: Rand McNally Lippman, H. (2001) ‘Work/Life value can be measured. Business and Health’, 19(6), pp. 43-47 McShane, S. (2004) Canadian Organizational Behavior. McGraw-Hill Ryerson, Toronto Maslow, A. H. (1943), ‘A theory of human motivation’, Psychological Review, Vol. 50 pp. 370-96 Maslow, A. H. (1954), Motivation and Personality, Harper Row, New York, NY McKinney, J et. al. , 1998, Public Administration: Balancing Power and Accountability, Greenwood Publishing Group. Meyer, J. , Allen, N. , Smith, C. (1993). Commitment to organization and occupations: Extension and test of three -component conceptualization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(4), 538-551. H. (1954), Motivation and Personality, Harper Row, New York, NY Pincus, J. (2004), â€Å"The consequences of unmet needs: the evolving role of motivation in consumer research†, Journal of Consumer Behaviour, Vol. 3 No. 4, pp. 375. Ritson, M. 2004), â€Å"Why are brand positioning made so complex? â€Å", Marketing, pp. 21 Robbins, S. P. , Langton, N. (2003), Organization Behavior: Concepts, Controversies, Applications, 3rd Canadian ed. , Prentice-Hall, Toronto Senter, A. (2004), â€Å"An embarrassment of riches†, Director, Vol. 58 No. 4, pp. 96 Sangmook, K 2005, ‘Gender Differences in the Job Sat isfaction of Public Employees: a study of Seoul Metropolitan Government, Korea’, A Journal of Research, pp. 3-5. Senter, A. (2004), â€Å"An embarrassment of riches†, Director, Vol. 58 No. 4, pp. 96 Spector, P 1997, Job Satisfaction: Application, Assessment, Cause, and Consequence, SAGE. Tosi, H et. al. 2000, Managing Organizational Behavior, Blackwell Publishing. Taylor, S 2005, People resourcing, Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, 3rd edn, Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development Journal Affirmative Action Agency 1990, ‘Taking Steps: Employers’ Progress In Affirmative Action’, Australian Government Publishing Service Canberra. Agocs, C C 1996, ‘employment equity, affirmative action and managing diversity: assessing the differences’, international Journal of manpower, Vol. 17 No. 4/5,pp. 30-45. Helen C Edward W-B 2000, ‘equal opportunities polices: The authority of discrimination’, Patrington, pp. 39. How to cite Australian Wine Industry Report, Papers

Economic Policy Framework Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Economic Policy Framework And Markets. Answer: In the market economy, only earning and saving the money is not sufficient to get the full worth of money. Inflation eats away the value of money in all the economies. To recover the losses that occurred due to inflation, people invest their hard-earned money and earn profits or dividends on them. This is the fundamental logic behind investment (Barro and Ursa 2017). The stock market is one such channel for investment. Stock market and share market are similar. The only difference is that, in stock market, financial instruments, such as, bonds, derivatives, mutual funds as well as shares of companies are traded, while in share market, only shares of organizations are traded. Stock exchange is the basic platform where the stocks and securities of companies are listed. The buying and selling of a stock only happens if it is listed on the exchange (Li 2014). Effects of demographic transitions on stock market Demographic changes have major impacts on the stock market, as well as, risks and returns for investment. The age structure of a nation affects the investment and savings patterns. The basic lifecycle theory says that, young people do not invest as much as the aged people. The middle aged population deposits maximum money in savings and investment in governmental and non-governmental bonds and securities. The senior population tends to invest less money in less risky financial schemes, rather they prefer to enjoy the earnings from the past investments (Merkle and Weber 2014). Demographic changes like increasing or decreasing birth rate, longer life expectancy, have effects on the investment patterns. Firstly, the baby boomer time across the world has major impact on the growing population. The increase in population brings about asset meltdown globally. As this situation is changing globally, there will be more of aged people than young people (Dellavigna and Pollet 2013). In such ca se, people would likely to convert their investments more into cash for more consumption. At the same time, the reducing number of younger population, who has the tendency to buy more than save more, would reduce the demand for all types of investments. As the number of aged population is increasing, there would be a rapid fall in the asset values, extending from bonds to equities to real estate. There is declining investment trend in equities. Senior people are moving into retirement and moving out of equities. Migration also plays a role in the stock market. Along with aging population, the investment behavior of the migrated people also determine the condition of the stock market. Hence, the nature of the stock market would be different in a country with more migrated population, than in a country with less migrated population. Migrated people would always choose less risky investment options than the people who have a stable job and stable life (Bodie 2013). A first time investor in stock market must consider the current demographic condition of the nation. The study about the people, who are buying and selling stocks in the stock market, would help the first time investors to get an idea about the asset value of the market. If people shows the tendency to decrease the investment in the stocks, then the market would be unstable. Hence, the market as well as demographic condition should be monitored closely. Effects of economic growth on stock market The trends in business cycles are caused by factors, like, technological or investment developments, entrepreneurship. These are also important factors for economic growth. There is a relationship between stock market end economic growth of the country. It influences the confidence of the consumers and financial conditions. When the stocks are in the bull market, there would be optimism in the economy regarding the prospects of various stocks (Dellavigna and Pollet 2013). Higher value of stocks enables the companies to borrow more amount of money at lower rates. It allows them to expand their operations, make investments in new projects, and recruit more labor. These activities boost the GDP of the nation. In such environment, consumers are likely to spend more to make larger purchases and major investments, such as vehicles or houses. When the stock prices are in the bull market, there is more wealth in the economy as well as optimism about the future prospects. This confidence of t he people is reflected into increased spending, that results in increased sales and revenues for the organizations and further boosts the GDP (Baker, Bloom and Davis 2015). When the prices of the stocks are low, it has a negative effect on the GDP via same channels. Companies cut costs and lower the worker force. As the companies cannot find any new sources for financing and the existing debt loads of the company becomes a burden. Due to a pessimistic environment in the economy, investment level would be very low. It also affects the level of consumer spending in the economy due to reduced stock prices (Guilln and Capron 2016). There would be increase in the unemployment rate and more uncertainty about the future. When the stocks are in the bear market, the stockholders loose some wealth and confidence of the customers falls. This also have negative effect on GDP. On the other hand, the stock market also has effects on the economic growth of the nation. When there is a growth in GDP above the consensus or the expectation, the stocks need to be in the bull market for increase in the corporate earnings (Hajilee and Al Nasser 2014). The opposite happens wh en the GDP falls below the consensus or expectation level. Therefore, it is important for the first time investors to study the stock market if it is in the bull market or in the bear market and take the investment decisions accordingly. Effects of inflation or deflation on the stock market There is a strong relationship between the rising or depreciating value of money and stock prices. Inflation is the overall rise in the price level of the economy, and the opposite is called deflation. When there is a rise in the prices of goods and services in the country, it results in the fall in the purchasing power of the currency. Consumers disposable income reduces, input prices go up, profits and revenue decrease, and the economy slows down for some time until a new equilibrium is reached (Giesecke et al. 2014). The studies on this subject show that expected inflation can have positive or negative impact on the stock prices depending on the monetary policy of the government and the ability of the companies to hedge. However, the unexpected inflation has strong positive correlation with returns on stock during the contraction of the economy. Hence, the investors, especially the first timers, must gauge the phase of the economic cycle before investing in the stocks. At the same time, high rate of inflation is also correlated with greater volatility of the movements of the stocks. Hence, inflation has very strong volatile effects on the stock market (Rogers, Scotti and Wright 2014). Deflation is the opposite of inflation. It helps to increase the disposable income as well as the purchasing power of the consumers. It helps in the short run but has an adverse effect on the stock market. While in deflation, the organizations have to decrease their prices, and due to this, they earn less profit. It also affects the demand for lending by banks and investors negatively. Finance for the investors suffers from deflationary effects in the economy and lower value of money (Rey 2015). Therefore, the first time investors must study the inflation or deflation situation of the economy before investing. Effects of monetary and fiscal policy Monetary policy improves the financial conditions than the aggregate demand in the economy. If the cost of money is lowered then, it would increase the supply of money, reduce the rate of interest and cost of borrowing. Since, the stock prices reflect the developments in the economic sector; it also shows the expectation of the private sector. As the interest rates influences the capital costs, it influences the current value of the future net cash flow of a company (Bodie 2013). Higher rates would lead to high rate of interest, and low current value of future net cash flow. That decreases the stock prices. In case of fiscal policy, it leads to increase in the aggregate demand and employment in the economy. Hence, there is higher spending and higher confidence of the consumers. Stock prices increase as this leads to increased sales and revenues for the organizations (Chatziantoniou, Duffy and Filis 2013). References: Baker, S.R., Bloom, N. and Davis, S.J., 2015.Measuring economic policy uncertainty(No. w21633). National Bureau of Economic Research. Barro, R.J. and Ursa, J.F., 2017. Stock-market crashes and depressions.Research in Economics. Bodie, Z., 2013.Investments. McGraw-Hill. Chatziantoniou, I., Duffy, D. and Filis, G., 2013. Stock market response to monetary and fiscal policy shocks: Multi-country evidence.Economic Modelling,30, pp.754-769. Dellavigna, S. and Pollet, J.M., 2013. Capital budgeting versus market timing: An evaluation using demographics.The Journal of Finance,68(1), pp.237-270. Giesecke, K., Longstaff, F.A., Schaefer, S. and Strebulaev, I.A., 2014. Macroeconomic effects of corporate default crisis: A long-term perspective.Journal of Financial Economics,111(2), pp.297-310. Guilln, M.F. and Capron, L., 2016. State capacity, minority shareholder protections, and stock market development.Administrative Science Quarterly,61(1), pp.125-160. Hajilee, M. and Al Nasser, O.M., 2014. Exchange rate volatility and stock market development in emerging economies.Journal of Post Keynesian Economics,37(1), pp.163-180. Li, G., 2014. Information sharing and stock market participation: Evidence from extended families.Review of Economics and Statistics,96(1), pp.151-160. Merkle, C. and Weber, M., 2014. Do investors put their money where their mouth is? Stock market expectations and investing behavior.Journal of Banking Finance,46, pp.372-386. Rey, H., 2015.Dilemma not trilemma: the global financial cycle and monetary policy independence(No. w21162). National Bureau of Economic Research. Rogers, J.H., Scotti, C. and Wright, J.H., 2014. Evaluating asset-market effects of unconventional monetary policy: a multi-country review.Economic Policy,29(80), pp.749-799

Longwood Woodyard Plant free essay sample

For doing this process there were two way: 1. Using modern chipping machinery that called longwood 2. Using old style chipping process, used at Redding, which called shortwood. Most of Redding’s shortwood was produced at the Regefield woodyard that located one mile from Redding. . In 1996, controller Bob Pescod and analyst expert Ray Buckley check some troubling trends taking place at Redding Mill. 1. The cost of shortwood open market chips were rising faster than the cost of long wood Buckley’s analysis showed. Ridgefield facilities were outdated less efficient 3. The cost of shipping shortwood was becoming increasingly volatile and difficult to manage 1. Considerable cost savings could be realized by replacing Pescod Buckley concluded: Shortwood process system with longwood process 2. The cost of shutting down Ridgefield would be offset by: the proceeds from selling the replaced shortwood equipment + recovery of the on-site wood inventories at Ridgefield According to Exhibit 1: Net sale: (1994) $ 14. We will write a custom essay sample on Longwood Woodyard Plant or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 6 billion 32% (1995) $19. 79 billion (1995) $2. 52 billion Operating profit: (1994) $ 1. 06 billion 136% Net income: (1994) $ 0. 35 billion 223% Total asset: (1995) $ 24 billion (1995) $1. 15 billion. Security analyst asked from industry, by increased dividend or through stock- buyback programs return cash flow to investors and cut capital spending. In 1995: IP’s capital spending ($ 1. 52 billion) = depreciation amortization ($ 1. 03 billion) + nondiscretionary spending (approximately $ 0. billion) The treasurer stated that keeping the A rate bye decrease the amount of debt-to-capital. It was very important because it gave the company enough financial flexibility to react to unexpected investment opportunities in the future. The Capital- Budgeting Process: Due to capacity expansion company’s operating unit should prepare a facility plan yearly. They started To make the wish lists then after reviewing facility plans and related strategic plans, the management would indicate an approximate level of capital spending for the annual budget. The funds were allocated based on each business’s unit needs. Individual projects were still required to go through a capital- approval process. Project’s viability was measured by hurdle rate. Increasing the company’s overall return on investment was the objective that should be met by discretionary spending and restrict the amount of capital requests. The 15 percent of hurdle rate had the advantage of being easier to understand than a cost of capital that changes whenever interest rates or company’s specific risk changed. Hurdle rate: the minimum rate of return on a project or investment required by management or investor) (Return on Investment= (gain from investment – cost of investment) / cost of investment) In December, Board of Directors make a decision about capital budget, Also an appropriate management level approved individual project. At facility level, small projects were developed and managed. Technology group designed and engineered larger projects. The Forest-Product Industry From 1990 to mid-1994, the pulp prices decrease more than 50 percent, but in the mid- 1994 the industry regain pricing power. After restructuring in the forest- products industry, they appointed new CEO in 1993 and 1994 with the goal of creating shareholder value. International Paper hade come through the early 1990’s relatively intact, with the same CEO and with a respectable 10. 95 percent compound annual growth rate in share price for the years 1990-96. New Longwood- Processing System at the Redding Mill: The Redding Mill Woodyard currently: On-site storage capacity = 30,000 tons (23,000 tons shortwood storage + 5,000 tons chips purchased + 2,000 tons chip storage in the four chip silos) (9days) Two off-site storage capacity = 80,000 tons The new on-site longwood woodyard: On-site storage capacity = 32,000 tons (25,000 tons longwood storage + 5,000 tons existing purchased – chip storage) (10days) Two off-site storage capacity = 80,000 tons (25days) (25days) Shutting down Ridgefield would allow IP to eliminate 3 days of storage kept at the Ridgefield facility. Analysis: During two years, cost of the new system should be incurred: $ 17. 7 million $ 9. 7 million 1996 Market value of the extra chip storage at Ridding in 1998: $ 800,000 Labor saving in 1998: $ 3. 3 million Reduction transportation and handling cost in 1998: $ 1. million $ 8. 0 million 1997 The only offset to these savings was the MPA costs which were expected to run $ 380,000 in 1998 Apart from the cost consequences, the new longwood facility bring new opportunity: $ 1. 5 million starting in 1997 Final Consideration.

Top 10 Internships for College Students in 2017

Top 10 Internships for College Students in 2017 You’re in college, or a recent graduate. Maybe you already have a solid idea of where you want to go, and what you want to do next. Great! Maybe you†¦don’t. That’s great too. Whether you’re looking to test the career waters of a job related to your major, or you’re still figuring out what you want your post-college career path to be, internships are an excellent way to refine your thinking and build experience. Let’s look at 10 of the top internship options in a variety of fields, based on sources that take intern feedback into account, like Vault.com’s annual rankings and Glassdoor’s survey of internship opportunities. Best Social Media Internship: FacebookPerhaps you’ve heard of this company? Facebook ranks highest on a recent Glassdoor survey of best internship companies, with feedback like, â€Å"Facebook has one of the best design teams in the world, and deals with particularly hard problems. Interns get lots o f responsibility, but the biggest learning is from the people around you.†Facebook’s focus on tech, data, and social media provides cutting-edge internship opportunities, as well as spots in business operations.Compensation: Paid/stipendDuration: 6 to 12 weeksLocation: Facebook’s headquarters are in Menlo Park, California, but the company has office locations all over North America, including New York, Washington DC, and Chicago.Best Health Care Internship: Aetna Summer Associate ProgramInsurance company Aetna’s summer program gives interns the opportunity to learn about all aspects of the business side of insurance, as well as build general office and career skills. Each intern has the opportunity to work on a â€Å"cross-functional† project that takes on a real-life business issue faced by the company. This kind of real world experience is definitely not your stereotypical coffee-and-copies internship. Interns are also offered many marketing oppor tunities, and the chance to work with company mentors to help build their career beyond the internship.Compensation: Paid/stipendDuration: 6 to 12 weeksLocation: Aetna is based in Hartford, CT, but has other offices (and internship opportunities) around the U.S. as well.Best Financial Services Internship: Northwestern MutualFor students majoring in Finance, Accounting, or other related business fields, Northwestern Mutual’s internship program gives students hands-on experience working on financial planning, client services, and consulting. Interns receive a stipend for their 6-12 month terms. Approximately one-third of Northwestern Mutual interns are offered a full-time position with the company after graduation.Compensation: Paid/stipendDuration: 6 to 12 monthsLocations: The company has offices throughout the U.S.Best Media Internship: Nickelodeon Animation Studio Nickternship ProgramIf you’ve ever wanted to see how the Spongebob is made, this internship at Nickelodeo n’s Animation Studio could be for you. Geared toward animation enthusiasts or those who want to work in the children’s entertainment industry, this internship helps â€Å"Nickterns† build general business experience while also taking specialty classes and workshops in areas like storyboarding, character design, pitching concepts, production and post-production, and presenting. Even if you can’t draw, the Studio offers internships in virtually every area of the business: TV production, development, talent development and casting, office management, digital operations, business operations, sales and marketing, human resources, and public relations. Nickterns also get perks like free movie screenings and admission to industry events, as well as networking opportunities.Compensation: PaidDuration: 6 to 12 weeksLocation: Los Angeles, CABest Energy Internship: Westar Energy Internship ProgramIf you’re interested in finding innovative ways to provide ener gy, Westar Energy’s internship program is a way to build skills and experience in the expanding field of green energy solutions. Headquartered in Kansas, Westar is the largest electricity provider in the state. For its interns, the company is committed to providing hands-on business experience, as well as building knowledge about the future of energy and electricity.Compensation: Paid/stipendDuration: 3 to 6 monthsLocation: Topeka, KS and Wichita, KSBest Retail Internship: Burlington Stores Summer Internship ProgramBased in the Burlington Stores company’s corporate offices in New Jersey, interns learn the ins and outs of the business behind a nationwide discount department store chain. Burlington is committed to providing meaningful learning experiences for its employees, including leadership development seminars, mentorship opportunities with senior management, seminars on retail practices and technical skills, store tours, and projects based on real business scenario s.Compensation: Paid/stipendDuration: 6 to 12 weeksLocation: Burlington has stores all over the country, but the internships are primarily located in its corporate offices in Burlington, NJ and Edgewater Park, NJ.Best Engineering Internship: Capital One Technology Internship ProgramWith its engineering focus, financial and IT company Capital One’s internship program is geared toward the STEM student. These hands-on programs give interns specialized experience in software engineering, data engineering, and cyber security engineering. Interns work on collaborative engineering projects, and also attend business and leadership seminars throughout the term.Compensation: Paid/stipendDuration: 10 weeksLocation: San Francsico, CA, New York, NY, McLean, VA, Richmond, VA, Plano, TX, Chicago, IL, and Wilmington, DEBest Startup Internship: Kleiner Perkins Caufield Byers (KPCB) Fellows ProgramIf you’re interested in the startup world, but you aren’t finding many targeted in ternship opportunities, consider programs like KPCB’s. KPCB is a venture capital firm that specializes in working with tech startups. Its Design and Engineering Fellows program helps interns build the tech and creative skills they can apply to startup companies (or even start their own). The Fellows program offers unique networking opportunities in Silicon Valley, as well as the opportunity to spend a full year working for a Silicon Valley startup.Compensation: Paid/stipendDuration: 3 to 6 months, plus a potential year of employmentLocation: Mountain View, CA, Palo Alto, CA, San Francisco, CA, San Jose, CA, San Mateo, CABest Poli-Sci Internship: Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) InternshipConsistently ranked among the best U.S. government internship programs, the CIA’s program is geared toward providing work and civil service experience for promising undergrads, particularly minorities and students with disabilities. While you likely won’t be sent deep undercove r, Homeland-style, you will gain practical experience in the daily operations of one of the biggest U.S. government offices.Compensation: UnpaidDuration: FlexibleLocation: Washington, DC metro areaBest Multidisciplinary Internship: NBC Universal Campus 2 Career Internship ProgramAs a massive media company, NBC Universal offers internships in areas like television production, news, business operations, ad sales, legal, marketing, media relations, accounting/finance, business, strategy, human resources, research, and marketing.Compensation: Paid/stipendDuration: FlexibleLocation: NBC Universal has headquarters in New York City and Los Angeles, but there are internship opportunities at its offices and sister companies throughout the country.If you’ve got your career sights set on a particular path, or know you want to do some experimenting and skill-building while you figure out your long-term plans, internships are one of the best ways to ease from student mode to professional mode. Wherever you decide to plant your intern flag, TheJobNetwork has you covered!

What Happens When Presidents Are Unfit to Serve

What Happens When Presidents Are Unfit to Serve American presidents are not required to pass mental health exams or psychological and psychiatric evaluations  before taking office in the United States. But some psychologists and members of Congress have called for such mental health exams for candidates following the 2016 election of Republican Donald Trump. Even members of Trumps own administration expressed concern about his erratic behavior in office. The president described himself as a very stable genius. The idea of requiring presidential candidates to undergo mental health exams is not new, though. In the mid-1990s, former President Jimmy Carter  pushed for the creation of a panel of physicians who would routinely evaluate the most powerful politician in the free world and decide whether their judgment was clouded by a mental disability. Many people have called to my attention the continuing danger to our nation from the possibility of a U.S. president becoming disabled, particularly by a neurologic illness, Carter wrote in a December 1994 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association. Monitoring a Presidents Health Carters suggestion  led to the creation in 1994 of the  Working Group on Presidential Disability, whose members later proposed a nonpartisan,  standing medical commission to monitor the presidents health and issue periodic reports to the country.  Carter envisioned a panel of expert physicians who were not directly involved in the care of the president determining whether he had a disability. If the president of the United States must decide within minutes how to respond to a dire emergency, its citizens expect him or her to be mentally competent and to act wisely, wrote  Dr. James Toole, a professor of neurology at Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center in North Carolina who worked with the working group. Because the presidency of the United States is now the worlds most powerful office, should its incumbent become even temporarily unable to exercise good judgment, the consequences for the world could be unimaginably far-reaching. There is currently no such standing medical commission in place, however, to observe a sitting presidents decision-making. The sole test of a candidates physical and mental fitness to serve in the White House is the rigor of the campaign trail and elector process. Mental Fitness in the Trump White House The idea of requiring presidential candidates to undergo mental health evaluations arose in the general election campaign of 2016, primarily because of Republican nominee Donald Trumps erratic behavior and  numerous incendiary comments. Trumps mental fitness became a central issue of the campaign and became more pronounced after he took office.   A member of Congress, Democrat Karen Bass of California, called for a mental-health evaluation of Trump before the election, saying the billionaire real-estate development and reality-television star exhibits signs of  Narcissistic Personality Disorder. In a petition seeking the evaluation, Bass called  Trump dangerous for our country.  His impulsiveness and lack of control over his own emotions are of concern. It is our patriotic duty to raise the question of his mental stability to be the commander in chief and leader of the free world. The petition carried no legal weight. A lawmaker from the opposing political party, Democratic Rep. Zoe Lofgren of California, introduced a resolution in the House of Representatives during Trumps first year in office encouraging the vice president and the Cabinet to hire medical and psychiatric professionals to evaluate the president. The resolution stated: â€Å"President Donald J. Trump has exhibited an alarming pattern of behavior and speech causing concern that a mental disorder may have rendered him unfit and unable to fulfill his Constitutional duties. Lofgren said she drafted the resolution in light of what she described as Trumps increasingly disturbing pattern of actions and public statements that suggest he may be mentally unfit to execute the duties required of him.† The resolution did not come up for a vote in the House. It would have sought the removal of Trump from office by employing the 25th Amendment to the  Constitution, which allows for the replacement of presidents who become physically or mentally unable to serve.   In December 2017, more than a dozen members of Congress invited a Yale University psychiatry professor, Dr. Bandy X. Lee, to evaluate Trumps behavior. The professor concluded: â€Å"He’s going to unravel, and we are seeing the signs.† Lee, speaking to Politico, described those signs as Trump â€Å"going back to conspiracy theories, denying things he has admitted before, his being drawn to violent videos. We feel that the rush of tweeting is an indication of his falling apart under stress. Trump is going to get worse and will become uncontainable with the pressures of the presidency.† Still, members of Congress did not act. Trump Declines to Make Health Records Public Some candidates have chosen to make their health records public, particularly when serious questions have been raised about their well being. The 2008 Republican presidential nominee, John McCain, did so in the face of questions about his age- he was 72 at the time- and previous ailments including skin cancer. And in the 2016 election, Trump released a letter from his physician that described the candidate as being in  extraordinary health both mentally and physically.  If elected, Mr. Trump, I can state unequivocally, will be the healthiest individual ever elected to the presidency, wrote Trumps doctor. Trump himself said: I am fortunate to have been blessed with great genes- both of my parents had very long and productive lives. But Trump did not release detailed records about his health. Psychiatrists Cant Diagnose Candidates The American Psychiatric Association banned its members from offering opinions about elected officials or candidates for office after 1964, when a group of them called Republican Barry Goldwater unfit for office. Wrote the association: On occasion psychiatrists are asked for an opinion about an individual who is in the light of public attention or who has disclosed information about himself/herself through public media. In such circumstances, a psychiatrist may share with the public his or her expertise about psychiatric issues in general. However, it is unethical for a psychiatrist to offer a professional opinion unless he or she has conducted an examination and has been granted proper authorization for such a statement.   The policy became known as the Goldwater Rule. Who Decides If a President Is Unfit to Serve So if theres no mechanism in place by which an independent panel of health experts is able to evaluate a sitting president, who decides when there might be a problem with his decision-making process? The president himself, which is the problem. Presidents have gone out of their way to hide their ailments from the public and, more importantly, their political enemies. Among the most notable in modern history was John F. Kennedy, who didnt let the public know about his  colitis, prostatitis, Addisons disease, and osteoporosis of the lower back. While those ailments certainly would not have precluded him from taking office, Kennedys failure reluctance to disclose the pain he suffered illustrate the lengths to which presidents go to conceal health problems. Section 3 of the 25th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which was ratified in 1967, allows a sitting president, members of his cabinet- or, in extraordinary circumstances, Congress- to transfer his responsibilities to his vice president until he has recovered from a mental or physical ailment. The amendment reads, in part: Whenever the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that he is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, and until he transmits to them a written declaration to the contrary, such powers and duties shall be discharged by the Vice President as Acting President. The problem with the constitutional amendment, however, is that it relies on a president or his cabinet to determine when he is unable to perform the duties of the office. The 25th Amendment Has Been Used Before President Ronald Reagan used that power in July 1985 when he underwent treatment for colon cancer. Though he did not specifically invoke the 25th Amendment, Reagan clearly understood his transfer of power to Vice President George Bush fell under its provisions. Reagan wrote to the House speaker and Senate president: After consultation with my Counsel and the Attorney General, I am mindful of the provisions of Section 3 of the 25th Amendment to the Constitution and of the uncertainties of its application to such brief and temporary periods of incapacity. I do not believe that the drafters of this Amendment intended its application to situations such as the instant one.  Nevertheless, consistent with my longstanding arrangement with Vice President George Bush, and not intending to set a precedent binding anyone privileged to hold this Office in the future, I have determined and it is my intention and direction that Vice President George Bush shall discharge those powers and duties in my stead commencing with the administration of anesthesia to me in this instance. Reagan did not, however, transfer the power of the presidency despite evidence that later showed he might have been suffering from the initial stages of  Alzheimers.   President George W. Bush used the 25th Amendment twice to transfer powers to his vice president, Dick Cheney. Cheney served as acting president for about four hours and 45 minutes while Bush  underwent sedation for colonoscopies. Key Takeaways: When a President Is Unfit to Serve Presidents and candidates seeking election to the White House are not required to pass mental health exams or psychological and psychiatric evaluations.The 25th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution allows members of a presidents cabinet or Congress to remove a president from office if he is mentally or physically unable to serve. The provision has never been used to permanently remove a president from office.The 25th Amendment remained a relatively obscure provision in the Constitution until Presidential Donald Trump took office. Members of Congress and even his own administration grew concerned about his behavior. Sources Karni, Annie. â€Å"Washingtons Growing Obsession: The 25th Amendment.†Ã‚  Politico, 3 Jan. 2018.Barclay, Eliza. â€Å"The Psychiatrist Who Briefed Congress on Trumps Mental State: This Is ‘an Emergency.’†Ã‚  Vox.com, Vox Media, 6 Jan. 2018.Foiles, Jonathan. â€Å"Is Donald Trump Unfit to Be President?†Ã‚  Psychology Today, Sussex Publishers, 12 Sept. 2018.

Future geopolitical obstacles and economic development opportunities Research Paper

Future geopolitical obstacles and economic development opportunities In Central Asia - Research Paper Example Subsequent to the breakup of the distinct economic gape of the Soviet Union, the non competitiveness of the Russian and Central economies was spartanly unveiled. This was in particular clear in the state of their trading connections. Economic collaboration flanked by Russia and the states of Central Asia is tampered with in the present day by the nonexistence of significant, harmonized events in the area of industrial assembly and transport communication2. To attain competitiveness on the international market, Russia and the nations of Central Asia require to convey the idea of distinct economic gap to success not only political assertions but by existent actions on the subject of support in a number of areas of the economy. There are additionally a number of hindrances to advance in this industry. One of the major hindrances in the acceleration with Russia and a number of Central Asian nations are attempting to become a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO)3. This is a move t hat would destroy the industrial cooperation flanked by Russia and Central Asia similarly previous to its conception. An additional hindrance is the intricate geopolitical state of affairs that surround Central Asia, threatened as it is majorly by the inconsistency of Afghanistan. These factors make it complicated to draw the potential of cooperation in transport and communication in Central Eurasia which is flanked by Russia, the Central Asian Republic and additional nations. Politics and economy has been directly intertwined in the affluent history of association flanked by Russia and Central Asia which includes Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan)4. Trade between Russia and Central has its beginning in the Great Silk Road. Economic association flanked by Russia and Central Asia had had distinctive importance from the time of the second half of the 19th Century. These centuries have been incorporated two times in distinctive spheres: initially that of t he Russian Territory the secondly that of the Soviet Union. When the Central Asian region was under the economic control of the Russian Territory, starting 1860s to 1917, the nations of Central Asia had great right of entry to Russian markets, and Russian investment swamped into the region5. Central Asia started to run away from its economic and geographic seclusion. Powerful trade connections were made-up. States developed on the territory of contemporary Central Asia, on the other hand, lost a lot of their independence, in particular with regard to external economic affairs6. As Central Asia made stronger its economic ties with Russia, so its connections with other nations became weak. Generally, when Central Asia was part of the Russian Territory it stood an underdeveloped and entirely agrarian region, operating largely as a producer of cotton, silk and wool for the Russian textile trade7. The second stage of the Central Asian Union with Russia that went on starting the establish ment of the Soviet Union till the year 1991 as well had equal positive and negative outcomes. On the contrary the Soviet period was a time of unparalleled economic development equally for Russia and Central Asia. Conversely, the nations of Central Asia realized that restrained in the inflexible economic in addition to the political ideological structure of the Soviet System with its centralized structuring and management of allocation of resources. The connections formulated flanked by the Soviet republic in a number of ways contributed to little significance there existed even a formal Soviet terminology which is planned loss making enterprise. This greatly direct union in the Soviet time has led to the economies of Russia and Central Asia and other CIS nations that stand as independent in the present day. The immediate vanishing of the Soviet command structure,

Self-esteem in adolescence Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Self-esteem in adolescence - Term Paper Example and saddle-bag hips, adolescents today, essentially those belonging to affluent families, are coming to view cosmetic surgery as a normal rite of passage. Nearly every body part is open for improvement. People seek these types of procedures because they are not happy with their appearance. They feel something is wrong. They want to look better. Better, in most cases, means a European or Western ideal of beauty. In most cases, a freshly chiseled nose, and newly minted breasts are often a teen’s ticket to improved self-esteem. (Cash, 2002) Store shelves groan under the weight of whitening products, makeup, and other personal hygiene items designed to enhance or restore beauty. No one has ever thought twice about using makeup, dyeing her gray hair, using products out of a tube, or wearing a wonderbra. Cosmetic surgery, today, is just an extension of that, and it is not uncommon and unheard of, as it was just a mere decade ago. Self esteem or self-awareness is a vital part of an individual’s upbringing and his or her ever-changing life. One should make all out efforts to understand his or her own self as well as study the strengths and weaknesses that he or she has to offer to the career that they are employed in or the work they are motivated towards for the sake of accomplishment and that too with success and flying colors. Indeed self-awareness plays a huge role in building the much needed confidence that an adolescent looks to don upon himself in any field of life, be it in sports ground or in a cabin of an office. (Billups, 1999) One has to continuously learn and ponder through the thick and thins of life and adjusts one’s own self accordingly so as to understand his or her limitations with respect to those very changes and phases of life. Self-awareness is a unique facet of an adolescent’s life and must therefore be considered whenever some major action is being undertaken in lif e, or for that matter even a minor one. Adolescents need to understand

Learning Team Assignment Analyzing and Interpreting Essay Example for Free

Learning Team Assignment Analyzing and Interpreting Essay Ask your instructor for specific information regarding the analysis you are required to perform for your data set. Combine your Week Two Learning Team assignment and Week Three findings with Week Five findings and make a recommendation to the research problem. Use the statistical tables given in the appendices of the textbook and a statistical analysis application: a Microsoft Deadline: ( ), Business General Business Its important to get familiar with the teachers you have when you start your classes. Be sure you know where they have their offices and understand how to get in touch with them easily. You need a good relationship with your professors for many reasons.

Fraternity Hazing Essay -- Fraternities Greek Life College Essays

Fraternity Hazing When most people hear the term "hazing" it brings up images of fraternities, or they just don’t know what it is. In even though hazing occurs in many places including fraternities and sororities, the military, athletic teams and student organizations (marching bands) at both the high school and collegiate levels. Many believe that hazing in fraternities and in general are nothing more than silly tricks and harmless pranks like those from the 1980s hit comedy Animal House. The realities of hazing are severely different than the witty images many people associate with them. Hazing is an abuse of power that can have weakening and life-threatening consequences. According to the research presented by Hank Nuwer (1990), journalist and author of several books related to hazing, hazing has been associated with more than fifty deaths in college fraternities and countless more physical injuries including paralysis, not to mention the devastating emotional effects that can result for so many young men and women. The most commonly asked questions about hazing in fraternities are, why do young men and women participate in such horrific and life-threatening activities just to belong to a group? This seems like a reasonable question--but it reveal the lack of understanding about the dynamics of the hazing process. Many states have passed legislation to forbid hazing; having noticed that the power of peer pressure prevents hazing victims from giving true permission to participate in the activities. Also, many potential members don't realize and are not informed of what the pledging process and hazing will involve because this information is covered in secrecy by the brotherhood. This combined with the increasing har... ...ited States in all forms of groups, and at colleges that have hazing now as a part of a ritual to get in a fraternity. There should be a â€Å"class† that teaches about hazing and have students come in and speak that have hazed and the consequences that they were faced with, and students that have received the hazing activities. CQ Researcher Hansen, B. (2004, January 9). Hazing. The CQ Researcher Online, 14, 1-24. Retrieved February 18, 2004, from http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher. How do we stop hazing? February 15, 2004 http://www.alfred.edu/news/stop_hazing/stop_hazing.html How do we stop hazing? February 15, 2004 http://www.alfred.edu/news/stop_hazing/stop_hazing.html â€Å"Woman touts anti-hazing law as late son's legacy.† Jefferson City News Tribune 16 February 2004 http://www.newstribune.com/articles/2004/02/16/news_state/0216040025.txt

Why Did Global Food Prices Rise

Why Did Global Food Prices Rise? Why Did Global Food Prices Rise? There are many economic factors that lead to the increase in food prices globally. The case explains exactly â€Å"Why Did Global Food Prices Rise? † and how the economic factors have impacted countries and world’s lack of food. The tariffs and subsidies give rise to the increasing global food prices. This case also talks abut    how the government policies may be an advantage for some domestic producers and the disadvantage to others.The ones who benefit from the government policies to promote production of ethanol are obviously the ones producing    ethanol because they are looking for more options to be able to make ethanol. The different types of raw materials that can be produced into a substitute for gas, can affect the price of all goods. The ones who benefit to place tariff barriers on imports of sugar cane are the countries that have a higher production of    raw material because they will benefit from all of the production.For example: corn and soybeans are mainly used as tangible means for biofuel. The more demand for ethanol and biofuels, the more it will increase our prices for foods. Sugar cane can also be used for biofuels, however due to the tariff barriers the price of sugar cane has increased and it can no longer compete with the subsidized corn and soy beans. The Poor are suffering worldwide as a result of these policies. Unfortunately some of them are unable to afford food.Developed countries are usually giving the subsidies, so with the production of corn increasing rapidly for farmers to plant more of it the policies are beneficial to the developed countries. Consumers will suffer by paying more for corn as the demand for ethanol continues to increase. As well as Brazil, the sugar cane production suffers from the policies to promote the production of ethanol and the tariff barriers placed on sugar cane imports. If we accept that global warming is a seriou s problem, should we not be encouraging governments to†¦ View Full Essay

Comparison of Adverts

In this essay I will talk about advertising, and the affect it has on the people who view these adverts. Advertising is the way people show consumers what they are selling. There are many types of advertisements including print and verbal, they affect people in many ways, mainly by showing people things they need or want for aspirational reasons. The adverts which I have chosen are an advert from Perfect Pizza. The company sells pre-cooked pizzas which you can buy in store or have delivered. My first impressions of the advert are that it's very colorful and you are instantly drawn to the images of the pizzas, and the large bold writing. I found this advert in my letterbox as they deliver them to you, so you know what they are selling. The advert uses formal as well as informal language; many bits of the informal text are explanation texts, and the formal parts for information. It's presented in different colors and sizes, and is spaced out in different places. The text informs you of what is being sold and what the prices are, it also draws attention to itself. The sentences are short, only five words per sentence, but there are a few writing techniques including alliteration. The text is basically factual or as factual as they want you to believe, but when you advertise prices you have to be correct and factual. On the whole the text is very informative, it tells you everything you need to know that will convince you to buy the product, and the information helps you to make the decision by showing you what you could be having. The figures that are used are in pounds and are bold, maybe this is to draw the attention of the reader, so they can be amazed at how cheap the product is. And this would link in with the company slogan, which is ‘Great Taste, Great Value' this really speaks for itself, a great taste for great value. The key words in this advert are the words deal and only. These words suggest that the sale is part of a deal, or that it's not at the ordinary price. And only, suggests that the price is very low, or the ‘deal' does not last long. Maybe because the deal is that good it can not last forever, otherwise the company would go into bankruptcy. The images are of the pizzas, which they are selling. They are spaced out all over the advert, around the writing. Finally there is also a picture or potato skins, which show they sell more than pizzas. There are no people in the picture which is quite surprising as they might have included a picture of a person cooking the pizzas. I believe that this would make the advert more appealing to the consumer. The advert is in color, a reason for this would be so that it appeals to the younger generations, who are more likely to buy these pizzas. But I know that it was done in color for a specific purpose. There are no patterns in the picture, but there is red strip that runs along the top and the bottom. This is to bring attention to the text inside of it, which is very important as it contains the small print. It's the small print which can usually trick many people. The whole advert is laid out professionally, the images; the information, the logo and the slogan are all put on the front to draw attention to it. Perfect Pizza is placed at the top of the advert so it's the first thing you see. The fact that is a family corporation would be enough to convince me that the pizzas would be well made and would taste great. This advert is similar to the Domino's Pizzas adverts, which sponsor The Simpson's. Because the Simpson's are so famous I know that Domino's will have an advantage over Perfect Pizza. This advert appears in food magazines, because it's selling food. It's trying to sell itself by showing you what you could have, but I think that this company is in the shadow of another company. I will now analyze my second advert. The company ‘French Connection' is trying to sell people a sale. French Connection makes quality clothes and sells them off at really fair prices. The advert attracts my attention really well for the following reasons. I found this advert near to the front of the newspaper, so it must be very important because only important adverts get to the front of the paper. The advert uses formal language in the advert. The language is bold and stands out well, the sentences are short but get the message across well, it just tells you what you need to know. The key words in this advert are ‘Sale' and ‘French Connection' mainly because the word sale means a cut in price, and French Connection is a well respected country. The slogan is not on the advert, which is a bit unusual as it's the slogan that sells most of their clothes. In the illustrations the words ‘ Last Big Deal' are superimposed so that they stand out. The text is yellow and the effect is red, the background though is black. So it looks attractive and stands out. There is no picture of the product, but the company is well known, so people know what they are selling anyway. Because French Connection specialize in clothes. This advert links in with the adverts from ‘NEXT' and ‘Adams' which are both major clothes producers. French Connection; seem to have some competition from these brands, which would increase the popularity of the company. This advert appears in many women's magazines and a few men's, because they sell both male and female clothing. This is because they want to broaden their horizons, so more people see their adverts. It's trying to sell the sale which they are holding at one of the bigger stores. So if you want great products at cheap prices you should take note of this advert. Both adverts appeal to me greatly as I am fond of both companies, and they both use good advertising techniques. I would buy both of the products as the pizzas are great and the clothes are really fashionable. I believe that the adverts would appeal to their target audiences, as they are really well made, and really stand out to the consumers.